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2009-11-15
ZT: 饭后不发胖的7个好习惯 - [贰 悦读摘录]
烧烤后吃根香蕉
烧烤后吃根香蕉。烧烤类食品会产生较多的苯并芘等致癌物。军事医学科学院食品与营养系博士芮莉莉表示,最新研究发现,香蕉能在一定程度上抑制苯并芘的致癌作用,保护胃肠。喝杯芹菜汁
吃得太油腻,喝杯芹菜汁。芮莉莉介绍说,如果一餐中吃的油腻食物较多,喝杯糖分低、纤维素含量高的芹菜汁大有裨益。芹菜中的纤维素可以带走部分脂肪。吃火锅后喝点酸奶
吃火锅后喝点酸奶。火锅汤温度高,配料咸辣,对胃肠的刺激大。吃火锅后喝点酸奶,可以有效保护胃肠道黏膜。此外,酸奶中含有乳酸菌,可抑制腐败菌的生长。饭后喝大麦茶或橘皮水
消化不良,饭后喝大麦茶或橘皮水。大麦中的尿囊素和橘皮中的挥发油,可增加胃液分泌,促进胃肠蠕动,对食物的消化和吸收很有好处。吃方便面后吃水果
吃方便面后吃水果。进食方便面后吃一点水果,如苹果、草莓、橙子、猕猴桃等,可以有效补偿维生素与矿物质的不足。此外,提倡煮食方便面。煮后的面条更柔软,有利于肠道吸收水分,帮助消化。吃蟹后,喝生姜红糖水
吃蟹后,喝生姜红糖水。蟹肉属寒性,脾胃虚寒的人吃后可能引发胃痛、腹泻、呕吐等。中华中医药学会医学博士庄乾竹博士表示,吃蟹后喝一杯性温的生姜红糖水,能祛寒暖胃、促进消化、缓解胃部不适。但糖尿病患者不宜食用。润肺止咳,饭后吃个柿子
润肺止咳,饭后吃个柿子。庄乾竹表示,柿子有润肺生津、养阴清燥的功效,对于有呼吸道疾病的人来说,是理想的保健水果之一。但柿子不能空腹吃,其中的鞣酸成分易在胃中形成结块。 -
2009-02-08
HOW TO CHEER UP - [贰 悦读摘录]
If you're feeling down, or just want to smile more, then you might find the following ideas helpful.
STEPS
- Be thankful. Think about what you have. This sounds like the whole "Count your blessings" thing all over again, but it really is important. Remember good times you've had with family and friends, and maybe that will make you feel better.
- Keep yourself busy. If your energy is focused outward you'll be less likely to obsess about things you can't change.
- Do not isolate yourself in your room.
- Try to smile, and laugh at jokes that you think are funny. Don't put on a fake smile all the time, but just smile when you feel like it.
- Talk to a trustworthy friend about how you're feeling. It makes you feel a lot better.
- Write down your thoughts on a piece of paper. Just keep writing, then when you're done, shred the paper and get rid of it!
- Sneak a candy into a friends pocket - let them wonder how it got there.
- Learn to do something new, like how to make a tree ornament or do HTML code.
- Have dessert for dinner, and dinner for dessert.
- Read a book that makes you laugh, then listen to an uplifting song as loud as you like it.
- Make a tent of blankets, cover the floor in pillows, and curl up with some hot chocolate and a good book, or someone you love.
- Rearrange your room.
- Teach someone to do something you do well - fly a kite, swim a mile. They will appreciate it.
- Give someone a really great gift, no matter what the occasion. Watch their reaction, and you'll get a high.
- Don't forget that you're special. Remember that no matter what anyone says, you know who you are and you like yourself that way.
- Play an instrument even if you don't know how.
- Try and solve the trouble, it'll take off some stress and you'll feel a little better.
TIPS
- Do odd things, like laughing at the moon. You'll feel better.
- Don't listen to people who want to get you down.
- Smile nicely at a mean person.
- Study hard, get an A.
- Draw a picture of whatever has gotten you down, and rip it up.
- Watch movies.
- It doesn't matter who your trustworthy friend is; it could be your mother, father, or your best friend. Whoever you feel comfortable with.
- Don't feel bad about feeling bad. Everyone gets the blues sometimes.
- Ironically, one of the best ways to cheer up is to help someone else. That helps you to think outward towards making someone else's face light up, instead of thinking how hard it is to make yourself happy.
- Go outside. Being stuck inside all day will make you feel worse. Go outside, see some sun, and you'll start feeling better.
WARNINGS
- People may think you're fake and shallow. Ignore them. Express yourself.
- Being sad is different than being depressed; if you are depressed, you should seek medical advice.
- Suicide is never the answer, no matter what the problem is. Think things through, and you're bound to find a way to make things right.
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2009-01-22
2009年1月20日奥巴马就职演说全文(英、中文对照) - [贰 悦读摘录]
My fellow citizens:
各位同胞:
I stand here today humbled by the task before us, grateful for the trust you have bestowed, mindful of the sacrifices borne by our ancestors. I thank President Bush for his service to our nation, as well as the generosity and cooperation he has shown throughout this transition.
今天我站在这里,为眼前的重责大任感到谦卑,对各位的信任心怀感激,对先贤的牺牲铭记在心。我要谢谢布什总统为这个国家的服务,也感谢他在政权转移期间的宽厚和配合。
Forty-four Americans have now taken the presidential oath. The words have been spoken during rising tides of prosperity and the still waters of peace. Yet, every so often the oath is taken amidst gathering clouds and raging storms. At these moments, America has carried on not simply because of the skill or vision of those in high office, but because We the People have remained faithful to the ideals of our forbearers, and true to our founding documents.
四十四位美国人发表过总统就职誓言,这些誓词或是在繁荣富强及和平宁静之际发表,或是在乌云密布,时局动荡之时。在艰困的时候,美国能箕裘相继,不仅因为居高位者有能力或愿景,也因为人民持续对先人的抱负有信心,也忠于创建我国的法统。
So it has been. So it must be with this generation of Americans.
因此,美国才能承继下来。因此,这一代美国人必须承继下去。
That we are in the midst of crisis is now well understood. Our nation is at war, against a far-reaching network of violence and hatred. Our economy is badly weakened, a consequence of greed and irresponsibility on the part of some, but also our collective failure to make hard choices and prepare the nation for a new age. Homes have been lost; jobs shed; businesses shuttered. Our health care is too costly; our schools fail too many; and each day brings further evidence that the ways we use energy strengthen our adversaries and threaten our planet.
现在大家都知道我们正置身危机核心,我国正处于对抗深远暴力和憎恨的战争。我们的经济元气大伤,是某些人贪婪且不负责任的后果,也是大众未能做出艰难的选择,为国家进入新时代做淮备所致。许多人失去房子,丢了工作,生意垮了。我们的医疗照护太昂贵,学校教育辜负了许多人。每天都有更多证据显示,我们利用能源的方式壮大我们的对敌,威胁我们的星球。
These are the indicators of crisis, subject to data and statistics. Less measurable but no less profound is a sapping of confidence across our land - a nagging fear that America’s decline is inevitable, and that the next generation must lower its sights.
这些都是得自资料和统计数据的危机指标。比较无法测量但同样深沉的,是举国信心尽失─持续担心美国将无可避免地衰退,也害怕下一代一定会眼界变低。
Today I say to you that the challenges we face are real. They are serious and they are many. They will not be met easily or in a short span of time. But know this, America - they will be met.
今天我要告诉各位,我们面临的挑战是真的,挑战非常严重,且不在少数。它们不是可以轻易,或在短时间内解决。但是,美国要了解,这些挑战会被解决。
On this day, we gather because we have chosen hope over fear, unity of purpose over conflict and discord.
在这一天,我们聚在一起,因为我们选择希望而非恐惧,有意义的团结而非纷争和不合。
On this day, we come to proclaim an end to the petty grievances and false promises, the recriminations and worn out dogmas, that for far too long have strangled our politics.
在这一天,我们来此宣示,那些无用的抱怨和虚伪的承诺已终结,那些扭曲我们政治已久的相互指控和陈旧教条已终结。
We remain a young nation, but in the words of Scripture, the time has come to set aside childish things. The time has come to reaffirm our enduring spirit; to choose our better history; to carry forward that precious gift, that noble idea, passed on from generation to generation: the God-given promise that all are equal, all are free, and all deserve a chance to pursue their full measure of happiness.
我们仍是个年轻的国家,但借用圣经的话,摆脱幼稚事物的时刻到来了,重申我们坚忍精神的时刻到来了,选择我们更好的历史,实践那种代代传承的珍贵权利,那种高贵的理念:就是上帝的应许,我们每个人都是平等的,每个人都是自由的,每个人都应该有机会追求全然的幸福。
In reaffirming the greatness of our nation, we understand that greatness is never a given. It must be earned. Our journey has never been one of short-cuts or settling for less. It has not been the path for the faint-hearted - for those who prefer leisure over work, or seek only the pleasures of riches and fame. Rather, it has been the risk-takers, the doers, the makers of things - some celebrated but more often men and women obscure in their labor, who have carried us up the long, rugged path towards prosperity and freedom.
再次肯定我们国家的伟大,我们了解伟大绝非赐予而来,必须努力达成。我们的旅程从来就不是抄捷径或很容易就满足。这条路一直都不是给不勇敢的人走的,那些偏好逸乐胜过工作,或者只想追求名利就满足的人。恰恰相反,走这条路的始终是勇于冒险的人,做事的人,成事的人,其中有些人很出名,但更常见的是在各自岗位上的男男女女无名英雄,在这条漫长崎区的道路上支撑我们,迈向繁荣与自由。
For us, they packed up their few worldly possessions and traveled across oceans in search of a new life.
为了我们,他们携带很少的家当,远渡重洋,追寻新生活。
For us, they toiled in sweatshops and settled the West; endured the lash of the whip and plowed the hard earth.
为了我们,他们胼手胝足,在西部安顿下来;忍受风吹雨打,筚路蓝缕。
For us, they fought and died, in places like Concord and Gettysburg; Normandy and Khe Sanh.
为了我们,他们奋斗不懈,在康科特和盖茨堡,诺曼地和溪山等地葬身。
Time and again these men and women struggled and sacrificed and worked till their hands were raw so that we might live a better life. They saw America as bigger than the sum of our individual ambitions; greater than all the differences of birth or wealth or faction.
前人不断的奋斗与牺牲,直到双手皮开肉绽,我们才能享有比较好的生活。他们将美国视为大于所有个人企图心总和的整体,超越出身、财富或小圈圈的差异。
This is the journey we continue today. We remain the most prosperous, powerful nation on Earth. Our workers are no less productive than when this crisis began. Our minds are no less inventive, our goods and services no less needed than they were last week or last month or last year. Our capacity remains undiminished. But our time of standing pat, of protecting narrow interests and putting off unpleasant decisions - that time has surely passed. Starting today, we must pick ourselves up, dust ourselves off, and begin again the work of remaking America.
这是我们今天继续前进的旅程。我们仍旧是全球最繁荣强盛的国家。这场危机爆发时,我们的劳工生产力并未减弱。我们的心智一样创新,我们的产品和劳务和上周或上个月或去年相比,一样是必需品。我们的能力并未减损。但是我们墨守成规、维护狭小利益、推迟引人不悦的决定,这段时期肯定已经过去。从今天起,我们必须重新出发、再次展开再造美国的工程。
For everywhere we look, there is work to be done. The state of the economy calls for action, bold and swift, and we will act - not only to create new jobs, but to lay a new foundation for growth. We will build the roads and bridges, the electric grids and digital lines that feed our commerce and bind us together. We will restore science to its rightful place, and wield technology’s wonders to raise health care’s quality and lower its cost. We will harness the sun and the winds and the soil to fuel our cars and run our factories. And we will transform our schools and colleges and universities to meet the demands of a new age. All this we can do. And all this we will do.
我们无论朝何处望去,都有工作必须完成。经济情势需要大胆、迅速的行动,我们将有所行动,不光是创造新工作,更要奠定成长的新基础。我们将造桥铺路,为企业兴建电力网格与数位线路,将我们联系在一起。我们将让科学回归合适的用途,运用科技的奇蹟来提高医疗品质并降低费用。我们将利用太阳能、风力和土壤作为汽车的燃料和工厂的能源。我们将让中小学及大专院校转型,因应新时代的需要。这些我们可以作到。我们也将会作到。Now, there are some who question the scale of our ambitions - who suggest that our system cannot tolerate too many big plans. Their memories are short. For they have forgotten what this country has already done; what free men and women can achieve when imagination is joined to common purpose, and necessity to courage.
现在,有人质疑我们的企图心规模,暗示说我们的体系无法承受太多的大计画。这些人的记性不好。因为他们忘记了这个国家已经完成的成就,当创造力朝同一个目标发展,不受约束的男男女女可以完成何等成就,必要的是勇气。
What the cynics fail to understand is that the ground has shifted beneath them - that the stale political arguments that have consumed us for so long no longer apply. The question we ask today is not whether our government is too big or too small, but whether it works - whether it helps families find jobs at a decent wage, care they can afford, a retirement that is dignified. Where the answer is yes, we intend to move forward. Where the answer is no, programs will end. And those of us who manage the public’s dollars will be held to account - to spend wisely, reform bad habits, and do our business in the light of day - because only then can we restore the vital trust between a people and their government.
怀疑者无法理解的是他们的主张已经站不住脚,长期以来折磨我们的陈腐政治争议已经行不通。我们今天的问题不是政府太大或太小,而是有无功效,是否能帮助家庭找到薪水不错的工作,支付得起照顾费用,有尊严的退休。哪个方向能够提供肯定的答案,我们就往那里走。答案是否定的地方,计画就会停止。所有我们这些管理大众金钱的人都将负起责任,花钱要精明,改掉恶习,正大光明作事情,只有这样我们才能重建政府与人民间最重要的信任。
Nor is the question before us whether the market is a force for good or ill. Its power to generate wealth and expand freedom is unmatched, but this crisis has reminded us that without a watchful eye, the market can spin out of control - and that a nation cannot prosper long when it favors only the prosperous. The success of our economy has always depended not just on the size of our Gross Domestic Product, but on the reach of our prosperity; on our ability to extend opportunity to every willing heart - not out of charity, but because it is the surest route to our common good.
我们眼前的问题也不是说市场的力量是善或恶。市场创造财富和增加自由的力量无与伦比,但是这场危机提醒我们没有监督时,市场发展将失控,当市场只偏爱有钱人时,国家无法永续繁荣。我们经济成功的依据,不只是国内生产毛额的规模,还有繁荣可及的范围,以及我们将机会拓展给每个愿意打拼的人,不是因为施舍,而是因为这就是达到我们共同利益最稳健的途径。
As for our common defense, we reject as false the choice between our safety and our ideals. Our Founding Fathers, faced with perils we can scarcely imagine, drafted a charter to assure the rule of law and the rights of man, a charter expanded by the blood of generations. Those ideals still light the world, and we will not give them up for expedience’s sake. And so to all other peoples and governments who are watching today, from the grandest capitals to the small village where my father was born: know that America is a friend of each nation and every man, woman, and child who seeks a future of peace and dignity, and that we are ready to lead once more.
至于我们的共同防卫,我们认为必须在我们的自由和理想之间作一抉择是不确实的,我们拒绝接受。我们建国诸父在我们难以想像的危难之中。拟具了确保法治和人权的宪章,被一代代以鲜血扩大充实的宪章。这些理想依然照亮这个世界,我们不会为了便宜行事而扬弃它。同样地,今日在观看此情此景的其他民族和政府,从最宏伟的都城到家父出生的小村庄,我要说:任何一个国家、男、女、和孩童,只要你在追求一个和平且有尊严的未来,美国就是你的朋友,我们淮备再次带领大家。
Recall that earlier generations faced down fascism and communism not just with missiles and tanks, but with sturdy alliances and enduring convictions. They understood that our power alone cannot protect us, nor does it entitle us to do as we please. Instead, they knew that our power grows through its prudent use; our security emanates from the justness of our cause, the force of our example, the tempering qualities of humility and restraint.
回想先前的世代力抗法西斯主义和共产主义,靠的除了飞弹和战车之外,还有强固的联盟和持久的信念。他们知道单单力量本身不足以让我们自保,也不能让我们为所欲为。相反地,他们知道我们的力量因为谨慎使用而增强,我们的安全源自我们理想的正当性,我们所树立楷模的力量,以及谦逊和克制所具有的调和特质。
We are the keepers of this legacy. Guided by these principles once more, we can meet those new threats that demand even greater effort - even greater cooperation and understanding between nations. We will begin to responsibly leave Iraq to its people, and forge a hard-earned peace in Afghanistan. With old friends and former foes, we will work tirelessly to lessen the nuclear threat, and roll back the specter of a warming planet. We will not apologize for our way of life, nor will we waver in its defense, and for those who seek to advance their aims by inducing terror and slaughtering innocents, we say to you now that our spirit is stronger and cannot be broken; you cannot outlast us, and we will defeat you.
我们是这些遗产的保存者。在这些原则的再次指引下,我们可以面对那些新的威胁,这些威胁有赖国与国间更大的合作与谅解方能因应。我们将开始以负责任的方式把伊拉克还给它的人民,并在阿富汗建立赢来不易的和平。我们会努力不懈地与老朋友和昔日的对手合作,以减轻核子威胁,和地球的暖化。我们不会为我们的生活方式而道歉,也会毫不动摇地保护它,对那些想要藉由带来恐怖与杀害无辜以遂其目的者,我们现在告诉你,我们的精神强过你们,无法摧折,你们不可能比我们长久,我们必定打败你们。
For we know that our patchwork heritage is a strength, not a weakness. We are a nation of Christians and Muslims, Jews and Hindus - and non-believers. We are shaped by every language and culture, drawn from every end of this Earth; and because we have tasted the bitter swill of civil war and segregation, and emerged from that dark chapter stronger and more united, we cannot help but believe that the old hatreds shall someday pass; that the lines of tribe shall soon dissolve; that as the world grows smaller, our common humanity shall reveal itself; and that America must play its role in ushering in a new era of peace.
因为我们知道,我们拼凑组合而成的遗产是我们的强处,而非弱点。我们是由基督徒和穆斯林,犹太教徒和印度教徒,以及非信徒组成的国家。我们由取自世界四面八方的各种语文和文化所形塑。而且由於我们曾尝过内战和种族隔离的苦果,并且在走出那黑暗时期之後变得更坚强和团结,这让我们不得不相信旧日的仇恨终究会过去,部族之间的界线很快就会泯灭。随着世界越来越小,我们共通的人性也会彰显,而美国必须扮演引进新和平时代的角色。
To the Muslim world, we seek a new way forward, based on mutual interest and mutual respect. To those leaders around the globe who seek to sow conflict, or blame their society’s ills on the West - know that your people will judge you on what you can build, not what you destroy. To those who cling to power through corruption and deceit and the silencing of dissent, know that you are on the wrong side of history; but that we will extend a hand if you are willing to unclench your fist.
对穆斯林世界,我们寻求一种新的前进方式,以共同的利益和尊重为基础。那些想播植冲突并把自己社会的问题怪罪於西方的领袖,须知你的国民藉以判断你的,是你能建立什麽,而非你能毁坏什麽。那些靠着贪腐欺骗和箝制异己保住权势的人,须知你门站在历史错误的一边,而只要你愿意松手,我们就会帮忙。
To the people of poor nations, we pledge to work alongside you to make your farms flourish and let clean waters flow; to nourish starved bodies and feed hungry minds. And to those nations like ours that enjoy relative plenty, we say we can no longer afford indifference to suffering outside our borders; nor can we consume the world’s resources without regard to effect. For the world has changed, and we must change with it.
那些穷国的人民,我们保证会和你们合作,让们的农场丰收,让清流涌入,滋补饿坏的身体,喂养饥饿的心灵。而对那些和我们一样比较富裕的国家,我要说,我们不能再对国界以外的苦痛视而不见,也不能再消耗世上的资源而不计後果。因为世界已经变了,我们也要跟着改变。
As we consider the road that unfolds before us, we remember with humble gratitude those brave Americans who, at this very hour, patrol far-off deserts and distant mountains. They have something to tell us today, just as the fallen heroes who lie in Arlington whisper through the ages. We honor them not only because they are guardians of our liberty, but because they embody the spirit of service; a willingness to find meaning in something greater than themselves. And yet, at this moment - a moment that will define a generation - it is precisely this spirit that must inhabit us all.
在我们思索眼前道路的此际,我们以谦虚感激的心想到,有些勇敢的美国同胞正在遥远的沙漠和山岭上巡逻。今天他们有话要对我们说,就和躺在阿灵顿的英雄们世世代代轻声诉说的一样。我们尊荣他们,不只因为他们扞卫我们的自由,更因为他们代表着服务的精神;愿意在比自己更大的事物上找寻意义。而在此刻,能够界定一个世代的此刻,必须常驻你我心中的,正是这种精神。
For as much as government can do and must do, it is ultimately the faith and determination of the American people upon which this nation relies. It is the kindness to take in a stranger when the levees break, the selflessness of workers who would rather cut their hours than see a friend lose their job which sees us through our darkest hours. It is the firefighter’s courage to storm a stairway filled with smoke, but also a parent’s willingness to nurture a child, that finally decides our fate.
即使政府能做和必须做,这个国家最终仍得靠美国人民的信念与决心。在堤防决堤时,是人们的善心,让他们招待陌生人。是工作人员的无私,让他们宁可减工时,也不愿看到朋友失业,陪伴我们度过最黑暗时期。是消防员的勇气,让他们冲进满是浓烟的楼梯间。是父母心甘情愿培育孩子,最终决定我们的命运。
Our challenges may be new. The instruments with which we meet them may be new. But those values upon which our success depends - hard work and honesty, courage and fair play, tolerance and curiosity, loyalty and patriotism - these things are old. These things are true. They have been the quiet force of progress throughout our history. What is demanded then is a return to these truths. What is required of us now is a new era of responsibility - a recognition, on the part of every American, that we have duties to ourselves, our nation, and the world, duties that we do not grudgingly accept but rather seize gladly, firm in the knowledge that there is nothing so satisfying to the spirit, so defining of our character, than giving our all to a difficult task.
我们的挑战也许是新的,我们迎接挑战的工具也许是新的,但我们赖以成功的价值观─辛勤工作和诚实、勇气和公平竞争、容忍和好奇心、忠实和爱国心─这些都是固有的。这些价值是真实的,是我们历史上进步的沈默力量。我们有必要找回这些真实价值。我们现在需要一个勇於负责的新时代,每一个美国人都体认到我们对自己、对国家、对世界负有责任,我们不是不情愿地接受这些责任,而是欣然接受,坚信没有什麽比全力以赴完成艰难的工作,更能得到精神上的满足,更能找到自我。
This is the price and the promise of citizenship.
这是公民的代价和承诺。
This is the source of our confidence - the knowledge that God calls on us to shape an uncertain destiny.
这是我们信心的来源,体认上帝召唤我们创造不确定的命运。
This is the meaning of our liberty and our creed - why men and women and children of every race and every faith can join in celebration across this magnificent mall, and why a man whose father less than sixty years ago might not have been served at a local restaurant can now stand before you to take a most sacred oath.
这是我们的自由和信条的真谛,为什麽不同种族和信仰的男女老幼能在这个大草坪上共同庆祝,为什麽一个人的父亲在不到六十年前也许还不能进当地的餐厅用餐,现在却能站在你们面前做最神圣的宣誓。
So let us mark this day with remembrance, of who we are and how far we have traveled. In the year of America’s birth, in the coldest of months, a small band of patriots huddled by dying campfires on the shores of an icy river. The capital was abandoned. The enemy was advancing. The snow was stained with blood. At a moment when the outcome of our revolution was most in doubt, the father of our nation ordered these words be read to the people:
让我们记住这一天,记住我们是谁、我们走了多远。在美国诞生这一年,在最寒冷的几个月,在结冰的河岸,一群爱国人士抱着垂死的同志。首都弃守,敌人进逼,雪沾了血。在那时,我们革命的成果受到质疑,我们的国父下令向人民宣读这段话:
"Let it be told to the future world...that in the depth of winter, when nothing but hope and virtue could survive...that the city and the country, alarmed at one common danger, came forth to meet [it]."
让这段话流传后世,在深冬,只剩下希望和美德,这个城市和这个国家,面临共同危险,站起来迎向它。
America. In the face of our common dangers, in this winter of our hardship, let us remember these timeless words. With hope and virtue, let us brave once more the icy currents, and endure what storms may come. Let it be said by our children’s children that when we were tested we refused to let this journey end, that we did not turn back nor did we falter; and with eyes fixed on the horizon and God’s grace upon us, we carried forth that great gift of freedom and delivered it safely to future generations.
美国,面对我们共同的危险,在这个艰困的冬天,让我们记得这些永恒的话语。怀着希望和美德,让我们再度冲破结冰的逆流,度过接下来可能来临的暴风雪。让我们孩子的孩子继续流传下去,说我们受到考验时,我们拒绝让旅程结束,我们不回头,也不踌躇;眼睛注视着远方,上帝的恩典降临我们,我们带着自由这个伟大的礼物,安全送达未来的世世代代。
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2009-01-04
宁做创业狼,不做打工狗(ZT) - [贰 悦读摘录]
本文谨献给那些正欲创业,和正在创业,及创业失败了的经理人。——没有创业过的人,永远不会体悟创业究竟意味着什么……
年终岁初,正是职业经理人,尤其是高级职业经理人欲动之时。往哪里动?无非有三个选择:一是内部调动;二是跳槽;三是创业,换一种职场角色。
职场中有创业念头的经理人很多,付诸实施的也不少。有许多经理人,尤其是刚刚30出头的经理人会认为:在当今的社会不创业,就如同白来世界上走一遭!因为太多赚大钱的老板水平比自己差远了!他能成我怎么就不能成?于是说干就干,轰轰烈烈的创业开始了,其结果如何呢?
由于我做猎 头顾问工作的特殊性,几乎每天都是英雄眼前过,而创业失败归来的英雄可谓是数不胜数。总结经理人创业史会发现:经理人创业的头三年,生活质量下降者是百分之百;在两年之内创业失败,关门破产倒掉者占九成;真正能熬过三年的非常稀少。
每一个创业失败者都有一本难念的经,其中一位名叫M郭的CFO创业失败归来后的无限感慨,颇值得我们品味。
200万就这样打了水漂?
一日,经朋友推介,M郭先生约我到一家茶社聊天。下面是我们对话的内容。
M郭:“我今天就想请您帮我做一次职业辅导,并推荐一份工作——月薪5000元就行!”
笔者:“看您的资历,月薪可不应是这个数……”此前M郭做过一家世界500强企业中国区某一公司的财务总监,年薪曾到50万;六年前到国内一家颇具规模的民营企业做CFO;2004年夏天,自己开始创业。
围绕这区区5000元月薪诉求的来历,M郭给我讲述了他的创业经历。
创业前,他所担任过CFO的那家民企,鼎盛时在业内名列前茅,年销售额近8亿元。后来老板(董事长)撤资不干了,无奈中,他就和该公司的总经理、营销副总三人组成了创业团队,注册了新公司,注册资本500万元。原总经理是第一大股东,占60%股份,做法人代表;他是第二股东,占30%股份,主管行政财务;那位营销副总占10%股份,仍管营销。他们三人带领着原企业主要骨干人员,在同一行业内开始了创业。
然而500万资金在不到8个月的时间里就耗得差不多了,而随后企业每个月以20万元的额度亏损!怎么办?三个股东协商后继续按股份比例投资弥补亏损。于是,M郭每个月从家里拿出6万元补亏,大概持续了将近一年。等几乎把家里的钱花光了,却还见不到曙光,企业继续亏损。M郭夫人不干了,给他下了最后通牒:“我们娘俩也不希望跟着你荣华富贵,但你不要继续填坑了,给我们家留点活命钱吧!不论你干什么,只要每个月给家拿回来5000元钱就行。”
“这就是我今天让您给我推荐一份5000元月薪工作的缘由……”这位经理人半开玩笑地对我说。我们接着聊。
笔者:“那您的股份后来变现了吗?”
M郭:“变什么现?我一分没要!”
笔者:“为什么没要?前后共投进去200多万,也没个说法?”
M郭:“要什么说法?啥都不说了吧。我也投不起了,我也不愿亏了,我把股份全部转让给大股东了(三股东不愿意要),我再也不用每月从家里面拿钱填坑了。”
创业付出,怎一个“钱”字了得?
笔者:“你估算一下这20个月的付出有多大?”
M郭:“20个月的付出除直接投了200多万外,其他的无法估量。但我觉得比前半辈子付出的都多得多!”他以毋庸置疑的口气感叹到。
笔者:“你只是二股东,那位大股东的付出同你相比如何?”
M郭:“他是法人代表,他的压力自然要比我大多了!我的付出和他相比是无法相提并论的。”
笔者:“能否举例说明?”
M郭:“单看他的面色,这20个月老了快10岁。”
笔者:“有了这20个月的创业经历,你对老板的理解应该有了很大的变化吧?”
M郭:“那当然!过去我做财务总监给老板打工,帮着老板融了不少资金。可千万元的资金一转眼三下五除二老板就把钱花没了,而正经活儿还没干呢!就心想我要是做了老板,一定把钱用在该花的地方,踏踏实实地做事。然而,20个月来我充分理解了原来的老板:作为企业要花钱的地方太多了!每一笔钱都该花,老板紧抠慢抠,钱还是很快就没有了。不当家不知柴米贵……不做老板不知道什么叫花钱如流水啊!”
笔者:“开公司花钱是否就像关不上的水龙头,无论如何也止不住水哗哗地流?”
M郭:“没错,您的比喻太恰当了!您真正理解了老板!我给没当过老板的人说,他们都不信。”
笔者:“您现在退出了股东,也退出了公司,有什么感觉?”
M郭:“如同解放似的,如释重负,终于看到了曙光。”
笔者继续问:“你现在理解了当初老板为什么要撤资吗?”
M郭:“当初老板要撤资,我们三个死劝活劝可就是不行,老板撤资坚决。最后我们三个一商议:老板不干我们干!本来平时的活儿就是我们干的,原班人马,原来熟悉的市场,不就是流动资金吗!计划半年就会有正现金流,500万的投资,含着丰足的备用金,无论如何花都能把公司开起来!可没想到,20个月,500万花完后,我们三个又投进去将近300万,几乎全打水漂了!虽然有些收入,但少得可怜。我们后来遇到经营困难时,也总结反思当初老板为什么要撤资,估计是这个行当太不好干了,不确定性因素太多了。但真正的原因,我们现在也不清楚。”
笔者:“还是你们三个人的管理团队,还是原班人马,做了5年本已经熟悉的市场,怎么就赚不了钱呢?原来你们几个带着员工随便一年都能干几个亿,如此大的差异,其原因是什么?”
M郭:“我在退出前也做了反思,前后之所以有如此大的反差,其区别有二。一是我们三个过去都没有当过老板,过去总认为老板有许多不是,总在评价老板的短长,等真正自己当老板了,才知道老板真不是好当的:需要处理的事情比经理人复杂得多了,当了老板才知道一个人的能力水平太有限了,才知道过去自己对自己能力评估过高了。二是过去我们几个人总认为自己正确,是老板阻碍了企业的进一步发展,自己很多想法不能实施。其实离开了过去的舞台,再干原来的事情几乎不可能。我们没有了舞台,就得打造自己的舞台——500万的预算投资本想着绰绰有余,事实上根本不够。”
谁能保证总有救命稻草?
和M郭谈到这里,我总结了一下我接触的创业英雄——失败的原因太多了,但都有一共同的原因,就是现金流接续不上。
有些创业者会充满遗憾地说:就差那么一点儿钱,当时要是有那么一点儿钱,就会完全是另外一番光景。言外之意,就是人快饿死了,给他口饭吃也许就会活过来。但是谁能保证就不会再有挨饿的时候?当再饿的时候谁又能保证刚好还有那么一口饭呢?其实做企业,就是要做到当企业每次挨饿时,都有那么一口饭让企业存活下来。许多企业把永续经营当作努力的方向,然而永续经营何其难也!于是我在思考一个问题:经理人要凭自己的能力重新打造一个舞台的成本,究竟有多大?
创业成本究竟有多大?
我和许多创业成功(所谓成功,是指企业和老板还都正常活着),以及创业失败者深聊过。当谈及创业成本时,几乎每个人都感慨万千:创业成本实在太大了!以至于大到不能简单的用金钱来衡量,而最终又都转化为钱,化为创业的直接成本。
我接触的许多经理人创业,大多都像这位CFO——M郭一样,创业年龄大多都在30~40岁之间,把前半生家里的积蓄花光了,又不得不开始重新打工。
很多经理人创业都是先做计划书,把商业计划书做得非常详尽,其中必然涉及到预算问题。创业预算应该这样看:当计划50万就能赚到正现金流时,其实至少得500万。那创业者会说:计划花50万,我提前准备出500万不就得了吗?如果你真能准备出500万,那么你的创业完成至少需要5000万!为什么?因为创业者的胆量和计划是根据你的现金来决定的,这叫物质决定意识。有了现金,你就想做事。无论你多保守,你都会做出超出实际运营能力的方案。因为创业的人大多都是激进派,或说乐观派。而保守者通常也不会张罗着创业。
其实,创业计划书不可能把遇到的问题都列举出来,事情的变化太多了,你不可能把未来的风险都列出来。如果都列出来还叫风险吗?风险就是你不知道甚至是不可预知的。商业计划书无论多么详尽,其实最多只是接近事情本身的20%。所以,创业就是应对未来的不确定性,应对未来的偶然事件。而这个不确定性的成本有多高,谁也说不清楚。所以,创业的风险就在不确定性,或者说叫偶然性,创业成功者一定是成功战胜了一个个小概率事件。而化解这小概率事件同样需要钱。总之,创业的过程,就是缺钱的过程。这是任何创业者在写商业计划书时都不可能想到的,就算想到了也只是想想而已。真正缺钱时,才知道缺钱是什么滋味;真正创业后,才知道钱是那么不值钱,钱是那么不禁花!所以,天下的老板都“抠门”,都节俭,所谓“大方”那都是不得已而为,是外大方。所以有一个颇具规模企业的经理人曾感慨地说:一个企业里面真正最节俭的是老板。
经理人,你想过搭台的风险吗?
经理人在日常操盘中见到的风险,都是有限的。通常老板完成了创业后,才会请来经理人操盘,因而创业阶段企业抵御了多少风险,经理人很难猜想到——这是没有创过业的人不可能想到的。
另外,企业的风险是与企业存续永远相伴的,每一次风险化解了就变成了企业宝贵的经验财富,没有化解就变成了灾难。企业做成了有做成的风险,做大了有做大的风险,高危风险大多在老板层面遇见和解决,而经理人层面是无法见到的。经理人见到的风险大多是经营管理中的风险,而背后的风险要比日常经营管理中的难度系数大得多。
所以,经理人在创业商业计划书里面预估的风险,只是经理人自己经历过的、看得见的风险,是经营管理中的有限风险。打个比喻说,就是舞台演员演戏的风险。演员演戏的风险都是有限的,演员哪里知道老板在搭台子和维护台子的成本和风险呢?而经理人创业,尤其知名企业大平台出来的成功经理人,见过大世面,创业一上来就想搭大台子和高质量台子,而手里那点钱也就够演戏的费用——因为经理人的收入就是作为演员的薪酬所得,哪够用来搭台子?所以台子没有搭起来钱就花光了,或者台子搭得质量不好,还没有开场台子就塌了,或者台子搭好了没有维护费用,破台子怎么唱戏?等到台子都搭好了,又请不起演员,戏该怎么演?所以,经理人创业遇到的风险,都是从前未曾遇到过的老板层面风险。
创业失败,归去来兮……
笔者:“通过您这20个月的创业,您有什么收获?”
沉思了一下的M郭说:“失败就是我的最大收获!虽不成功,但我尝试了,我经历了,我做了我想做的事情。这对我今后与老板相处会大有帮助,因为我亲自体验了一下做老板的生活方式。”
笔者:“老板是什么生活方式?”
M郭:“对未来充满着希望,却永远持续地付出!”
这个帖子很热很热;其实我本人本来也是非常鼓励创业的,我自己7年来就一直坚持创业,走到了现在基本在IC电子猎 头领域站稳脚跟的地步,但个中的酸甜苦辣只有我自己知道。IC猎 头七年时间我遇到了许多优秀的IC人才,一些非常想创业的IC人才,我也曾经大力鼓励和支持过他们创业,但现在我不鼓励了!IC领域,其实更加不适合创业!source: http://forum.eetchina.com:80/FORUM_POST_10008_1200101208_0.HTM?click_from=88000
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2008-10-07
08-10-7 晴 positive thinking - [贰 悦读摘录]
电脑里的旧档,抄这里日后备踩~
一个真正的静心的人是游戏的,生命对他而言是种乐趣
思考方式 × 热情 × 能力
自觉、自知、自信、自强、自胜(大爱)
呃。。。饿了。。。羞愧的飘走
flow with the life, the best is yet to come
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2008-06-09
Four-way Win - [贰 悦读摘录]
In today's frenzied global world, a common trap is to confuse activity with meaningful results and success with happiness. Integrating different parts of your life relies on a 'work on what matters' mindset. Time has an 'opportunity cost,' and when you focus your energy on goals and priorities that really matter, you can make choices with a clear purpose. The objective is to have a roadmap, based on continuous incremental improvement, that enables personal meaning, engagement and renewal to be realized.a greater sense of control and freedom living in ways that are consistent with what you're passionate about, what you really care about. (Four-way Win: How to Integrate Work, Home, Community and Self) -
2008-05-13
ZT: 巴菲特中国语录 - [贰 悦读摘录]
http://chinese.wsj.com/gb/20080512/llw080211.asp?source=UpColumn 我上一篇专栏写了上周末在伯克希尔•哈撒韦公司股东大会上的见闻。我坐在那里,对沃伦•巴菲特和搭档查理•芒格提及中国的次数之多感到吃惊--60多个问题中的9个。 回头想想,也不难理解:伯克希尔拥有及投资的公司范围很广,从可口可乐、DQ冰淇淋到内布拉斯加家具商城,中国不是主要制造产地就是消费市场,或两者兼具,而且中石油的买入和卖出是巴菲特近年来最赚钱也最有争议的投资之一。 这篇专栏采用问答的形式是因为从股东大会到记者招待会都是一问一答,这样应该最能忠实地表达巴菲特和芒格的思想和风格。听两个智慧、幽默又直率的老人讲话是一种享受。我跟所有朋友说,这是一辈子至少应该做一次的事情。 股东大会现场不允许用录音器材,因此以下内容不是完全的原话,只是基本的原意。问答涉及中国股市、中石油、人民币对美元汇率、奥运会及中美关系等问题,其中对奥运会的回答是为时5个小时的股东大会上赢得掌声最多的话。 中国股市: 中国股票市场已经跌了很多。你们是否认为中国股市价位还是过高? 巴菲特:我从未对中国股市发表过具体意见。我们不是做预测股市走向生意的。我们一贯的观点是,如果市场下跌,它就比以前更有吸引力。我们不预测股市,我们只会在市场向下走的时候作出反应。中国的经济发展是一个奇迹,很多中国人都对股票热情很高。中石油股价一度疯狂上涨,成为全球市值最高的公司。 芒格:中国股市曾一度出现疯狂的泡沫。这种情况在另外一些国家也出现过,人们在股市里看到了前所未有的机会。但是,让泡沫走开对每个人都有好处。中石油的A股价格曾一度是境外股的一倍,也就是我用一美元和两美元买的是同一个东西。这其中很有问题。 奥运会 考虑到中国在西藏严重的人权侵犯状况,你们是否会、或者已经考虑过,要求可口可乐公司不再担任北京奥运会赞助商?是否同意这样有可能会促成一个新的商业模式:既尊重人权价值又重视商业利润?[一些掌声] 巴菲特:我明白你在讲什么。但从个人角度讲,我认为告诉一个国家什么可以做,什么不可以做是错误的。我认为奥运会应该永远都允许所有人参加,参与的人越多越好。我不想对此加以苛责。我认为,禁止任何国家参与奥运会都是个严重的错误。美国妇女直到1920年才获得选举权,我认为那是严重违反人权的作法。但我不想我们自己在那之前被禁止参加奥运会。[更多掌声] 芒格:沃伦对我的观点表达不够强烈。很多人对中国的不完美感到苦恼。我倒要问问:与几十年前相比,中国是更好了还是更差劲了?答案是,中国正在朝正确的方向发展。那是好事。我认为,那种因为你不喜欢一个人,就死死揪住他最大缺点不放的做法是错误的。”[整个股东大会赢得掌声最多的话] 巴菲特:别忘了,我们当初是怎样对待黑人的。我们自己离完美也还很远。 (注:伯克希尔是可口可乐最大的股东。美国于1904年在圣路易斯首次举办夏季奥运会。) 中石油 你2002年买中石油时只读了它的年报。大多数职业投资者都会做更多的研究,你为什么不做呢?你看年报时主要看什么?你怎么能看一份报告就做投资决定? 巴菲特:我是在2002年春天读的年报。我从没问过任何人的意见。我当时认为这家公司值一千亿美元,但它那时的市值只有350亿美元。我们不喜欢做事要精确到小数点三位以后。如果有人体重大约在300到350磅之间,我不需要精确的体重就知道他是个胖子。如果你根据中石油年报上的数字还做不了决定,那你应该看下一家公司。 芒格:我们用于研究的费用比美国所有机构都低。我知道有个地方每年付两亿美元会计费。我知道我们的投资更安全,因为我们的思考方式象工程师--我们要的是可靠的利润。 你在中石油上的操作并不符合你一贯的买入-持有风格。你当时是怎么想的? 巴菲特:几个月前我见了中国投资公司的高(西庆)先生,我对他印象很好。我们在奥马哈吃了午饭。 决定买中石油是因为当时公司的市值才三四百亿美元,但我们认为这家公司应该值一千亿美元。当油价涨到70多美元时,我们认为它应该值大约三千亿美元。我们认为,和其他公司来比,它的价值已经不算低了,于是我们就抛了。但中石油A股上市后涨了很多,并一度成为世界上市值最高的公司。如果股价跌得更多的话,我们以后还有可能会买进中石油。 (注:伯克希尔一度拥有300多亿美元中石油股票。在2007年股东大会上,少数股东通过一项决议,提出由于中国政府在有种族屠杀的苏丹投资,公司应抛出国有控股公司中石油股票。董事会否定了这项决议。去年下半年伯克希尔卖出中石油。巴菲特一直坚持此举纯粹是出于经济上的考虑,没有其他原因。) 向中国人学习 我是从中国无锡来的。感谢你们对奥运会没有偏见的观点。我们是一群董事长和总裁,是来向你们学习怎样经营好上市公司的。(很多掌声) 巴菲特:我不知道是中国人从我们这里学东西,还是我们应该向中国人学习。中国正在发生巨大的变化。我(去年)到大连,开车在周围转了45分钟,看到这几年新盖的几百家工厂。中国人正在开始释放他们的能量。过去几个世纪,中国人有能力,但体制不允许人做事。现在中国人的能量开始释放出来了。你们也看到中国经济增长的速度。我认为,这种增长还会持续。 我认为,你们应该学美国最好的做法,屏弃剩下的东西。看看最有影响力的那些人,为什么人们愿意与这些人为伍?你们应该借鉴这些品质。我会寻找我最佩服的东西,模仿它,同时避开不好的东西。做生意的道理是一样的。 中美关系: 你们认为会出现中美竞争的局面吗?威权主义中国的发展会对美国和西方社会的民主价值体系产生影响吗? 巴菲特:我不认为中国变富就意味着美国会变穷。对快速发展的中国过于多疑是疯狂的作法。我们国家有些人喜欢把自己的问题怪到别人身上。前几年中海油收购优尼科时,几百名国会议员投票谴责那项收购,我认为那简直太疯狂了。现在对中国的主权财富基金也是一样。我们每年从中国进口那么多产品,把那么多美元运到中国,却不愿意让中国拿那些美元来我们这里投资。我认为把中国当成别的国家经济问题的替罪羊是个错误。中美关系有可能会紧张起来,这是我不愿看到的。就象现在奥运会的问题,这对某些政客来说有利用价值。但无论在哪种情况下,这种(找替罪羊的)做法都是很愚蠢的,简直太愚蠢了。 芒格:中国共产党领导人正在把几亿人带出贫穷,这是很了不起的。中国的威权体制在文化大革命中达到了顶峰,但现在已经好很多了。中国现在年轻的领导人都是工程师出身,也很聪明。那些对中国变化步伐不够快的批评真是太疯狂了,因为中国正在做一项史无前例的事情。 (这个问题是我问的。因为巴菲特是奥马哈的先知,我希望听到他对这个最困扰我的问题的回答。) -
2008-05-01
EE Cummings - I carry your heart - [贰 悦读摘录]
I carry your heart with me 我将你的心带在身上
I carry it in my heart. 用我的心将它妥善包藏
I am never without it 日常天久也不能遗忘
Anywhere I go, you go, my dear 无论你前往何方,都有你伴我身旁
And whatever is done by only me 即便我单独行事
Is your doing, my darling 也是出于你爱人,你的力量
I fear no fate 面对命运我从不恐慌
For you are my fate, my sweet 只因你是我命运的方向
I want no world, for, beautiful 世间万物于我皆如浮云
You are my world, my true 只因你在我眼中就是天地四方
Here is the deepest secret no one knows 这秘密无人知晓,在我心底埋藏
Here is the root of the root 它是根之根
And the bud of the bud 芽之芽
And the sky of the sky of a tree called life 天之天,都是生命之树所生长
Which grows higher than the soul can hope 这大树高于心灵的企望
Or mind can hide 也高于头脑的想象
It is a wonder that’s keeping the stars apart 是造化的奇迹,能够隔离参商
I carry your heart 我将你的心带在身上
I carry it in my heart 用我的心将它妥善包藏
--
《偷穿高跟鞋》里最后引用的一首诗~ 稀饭~~
-
2008-04-23
Life is not a bed of roses - [贰 悦读摘录]
life is not always a bed of roses. You may be caught short and may live from hand to mouth. You may fall ill all of a sudden and lie in bed. You may be in hot water or have difficulties in your work. You may be taken for granted and nobody cares you. You may be misunderstood or even wronged by other people. And if you have no one to turn to for a heart-to-heart talk, you may be driven crazy. But are there ways to avoid all that? Yes, there are. One of the ways for you to avoid trouble is:
do not give the things to other people if yourself do not like them; and
give the things to other people first before you hope to get the things you like.
All in all, you can’t find love without loving other people.












